Confucius Goes on and on About ‘Humanity’ Essay

‘Humanity’ and ‘filial piety’ are probably the most important believes that Confucius had; he uses these two words more than any other words in ‘The Analects of Confucius’. Among many other things Confucius had mentioned, ‘humanity’ is the central thought of Confucianism that Confucius had believed everything starts from the ‘humanity’. ‘Humanity’ in a Chinese character means a combination of human and number two, which means how you should treat others when there are two or more people. It can be a relationship between husband and wife, sisters, brothers, and friends. Confucius basically wanted people to treat others with a love and treat others like you want others to treat you. Although, the most important thing is how you treat your parents. Confucius points out the importance of ‘filial piety’ by saying the root of ‘humanity’ is ‘filial piety’. â€Å"A man who respects his parents and his elders would hardly be inclined to defy his superiors. To respect parents and elders is the root of humanity†. (1. 2) In Confucianism, ‘filial piety’ is a fundamental moral standard and furthermore the most important teaching from Confucius. However, the definition of ‘filial piety’ is not just how you take care of your parents such as feeding them but you have to show your parents a respect and also show them a good attitudes. (2. 7, 2. 8) To practice ‘filial piety’ towards one’s parent s, you also do not want to give any anxiety to your parents. It also means that you do not want to harm your body even including your hair (this is why people at the time did not cut their hairs for their whole life) because your body is what your parents had given to you. ‘Filial piety’ is not only important when parents are alive but also important after their parents had passed away that they have to do the memorial ceremony for their ancestors with a respect like ancestors are still alive. Confucius mentions about the elders whenever he mentions about ‘Filial piety’, he believes that you do not only show respect to your parents but also to other people who are at your parents’ age. As grown up in the culture where there are still many elderly people believe in Confucianism, showing respect to people who are older than you is important especially to people who are at your parents’ age because they are also someone’s parents and you want your parents to treated as you treat others’ parents. In conclusion, ‘humanity’ is the central thought of Confucianism. ‘Filial piety’ is what Confucius had thought most important factor of ‘humanity’. ‘Filial piety means how you show a respect to your parents but it also indicates how you respect your leaders and show an honor to your country. Confucius points out ‘filial piety’ is a fundamental of love others, respecting your leaders and show an honor to your country, so basically Confucius had though ‘filial piety’ is the root of ‘humanity’.

Jury In “Twelve Angry Men” Essay

i. Why is it so difficult for the jury in Twelve Angry Men to reach its final verdict? Rose shows that in Twelve Angry Men it is difficult to reach a verdict when jurors essentially have pre conceived ideas and bring personal prejudice in a case, along with Jurors that lack interest. These factors undoubtedly cause conflict and difficulty in the Jury system, which highlights a potential weakness in the democratic process. The trouble also arises from the fact that Juror 8 is one of the few Jurors to initially deliberate honestly and thoughtfully and seeks to obtain justice. Rose suggests that there needs to be active participation In ensuring the jury system operates as intended, and when there is, the final verdict is easier to achieve. Rose suggests that it is hard for the Jury to reach its verdict when Jurors have pre-conceived ideas and show racism. Rose showcases the trouble in individuals having personal prejudice in a case as it can blind them from the facts. This in turn, hinders the Jurors to come to an agreement, as it thwarts their ability to reason and see things from another’s point of view. This notion is highlighted through the bitter Juror 10, who Is the embodiment of racism and prejudice. Juror 10 signifies the potential power of racism, as he believes â€Å"the kids who crawl outta those places are real trash.† Ultimately, this pre conceived idea creates difficulty in constructing a rational opinion on the case, as this belief closes the door on his ability to think from another perspective. In addition, It is difficult for him to reach an agreement as he isn’t prepared to dissect the â€Å"facts† from the â€Å"fancy.† This is further underpinned, as he can’t see the evidence from another perspective, as he is â€Å"sick and tired of facts.† His inability to consider another point of view articulates his close-minded character, that can’t see past his racism and pre conceived ideas. His resentment and bitterness is manifested in his behaviour, as he is â€Å"suddenly angry† or â€Å"disgusted†. This allows Rose to condemn those who cant see past their prejudice and justify why it is difficult for him to come to an understanding as his anger showcases his irrational and illogical character. Through Juror 10 Rose suggests that when individuals bring pre-conceived ideas and arnt prepared to deliberate truthfully it is difficult to come to an unanimous verdict. Rose also underpins the difficulty in coming to a final verdict by showcasing  individuals that bring personal prejudice in a case. Through juror 3, Rose underlines the effect personal prejudice can have on one’s ability to deliberate fairly. Juror 3’s emotional baggage hinders him from being able to go through the democratic process properly and determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Rose suggests that without careful deliberation it is hard to come to an agreed verdict as prejudice prevents individuals from carrying out their civic duty. Juror 3’s personal prejudice and experience is highlighted through his belief that the defendant has â€Å"got to burn,† which suggests that it is hard to see ideas from another’s view point, if an individual is more concerned with their personal problems. The difficulty in reaching a final verdict for juror 3 is underlined through his inability to listen to the other Jurors opinions, and is only able to agree with those who see it from his point of view. This is underlined through him constantly agreeing with those who criticize the boy as he comments â€Å"listen to this man. He knows what he’s talking about† and â€Å"that’s absolutely right.† His personal prejudice prevents him from having an open mind about the other Jurors opinions and can only agree with those who criticize the defendant. Through this, Rose comments on how difficult it is to reach a final verdict when Jurors that show prejudice aren’t open minded and arnt willing to discuss alternative ideas. Rose underlines how difficult it can to be reach a final verdict when individuals show a lack of interest for the case and arnt prepared to think for themselves. Rose implies that those who arnt willing to take the case seriously are a danger to the system and make it a struggle to come to a final agreement. Juror 7 is apathetic to the jury process, as he is more concerned with his own welfare than deliberating honestly and discussing the case. He represents those who place self interest above civic duty, which makes it harder for him to contribute to the final verdict outcome. His impatience and belief that discussing the case â€Å"better be fast† articulates his self centered nature and how he is more concerned with his own personal desires. In addition, it is through Juror 6 that contributes to the difficulty in coming to an unanimous verdict, as he isn’t prepared to think for himself. His lack of confidence and inability to contribute to the case is highlighted through him saying he â€Å"isn’t used to supposing.† Rose  suggests that in order for a verdict to be reached, all members must participate in an open discussion. While it is difficult to reach a final verdict, Rose suggests that the jury system requires participation in order for a verdict to be achieved. Juror 8 is one of the few Jurors that is prepared to stand up against the majority and defend the democratic process. It is difficult to reach a final verdict as Juror 8 initially is the only one who sees this as â€Å"grave responsibility† as the â€Å"death sentence is mandatory.† He shows his concern for the case as he provokes discussion and seeks to obtain justice. However, it is when many of the other juror’s arnt able to follow the process suggests that coming to an agreement is hard without active participation. It is through the active participation that allows the process to thrive and make it easier to come to a verdict. This is evident through quiet Jurors such as Juror 2 to participate and make a contribution to the case, making it easier to come to a final verdict. This is highlighted as he questions evidence â€Å"about the business about the stab wound and how it was made.† His ability to participate in discussion suggests that participation is essential in coming to a final verdict. In addition, Juror 9’s involvement picks up on the old lady’s eyesight, which is a leading factor to the final verdict. Therefore Rose stresses that in order for a final verdict to be reached, participation is required from the jury system. In addition, without contribution it makes it difficult to come to an agreement. Rose stresses how difficult coming to a unanimous agreement is when Jurors have pre conceived ideas, prejudice, racism and arnt interested in taking an interest in the case. However, he suggests that when Jurors make a contribution and actively participates an agreement is finally reached.

Landlord and Tenant Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Landlord and Tenant Law - Essay Example In the beginning, Able began extensive work on the unit. But the directors of Able soon discovered that the turnover from trading was not going to be as profitable as they had hoped. Hence, the extensive work to the roof was never completed. Although watertight, the roof is unsightly and not up to modern standards. In 2002, Able discovered that the concrete used to form the basis of the floor of the unit was not of the correct type. As a result, the surface had become crumbly and difficult to walk on. The only way to solve this problem would be to excavate the floor and lay a new one at a cost of GBP 250,000. Instead of undertaking any work, when the problem first became acute, Able laid metal sheeting on the floor as a temporary measure. The extractor fans fixed to the walls of the unit have ceased to function and when Able obtained quotes for installing new ones, they discovered that the original manufacture had gone into liquidation and new ones would have to be sourced from a different supplier. The new fans would be larger and require extensive installation work estimated at GBP 20,000. A director of Able has discovered second-hand fans which could be installed at a fraction of this cost. But these are older models than those currently installed and only work at half efficiency. Recently, surveyors instructed by the landlord have inspected the unit. On the basis of their calculations, the landlord claims that the cost to Able of complying fully with the covenant at the end of the term will be GBP 360,000. This includes completion of the work on the roof, laying a new floor, installing new fans as opposed to second-hand ones, and carrying out other miscellaneous works. The directors of Able are furious, especially since they have discovered that the landlord has submitted a planning application to the local planning authority under which the present unit would be demolished. The Questions The rent details, that is the amount of rent payable, and if any deposit had been paid to the landlord, are not provided. Details regarding the manner in which the lease agreement was made are also not provided. Was the agreement made through lawyers Were lawyers engaged by the landlord when the agreement was made Did Able engage lawyers to make the agreement It is important to know the answers to these questions in order to pinpoint the correct answers. It is possible to surmise the consequences in the absence of these answers. The information pertaining to the circumstances that have led Able to seek legal position are there. On the basis of these information provided the solutions to the issues raised will be given. The Cost of Repairs It appears that the premise is not suitable place to work. The premise needs long-term repairs and fixtures for long-term, problem-free use. Nevertheless, Able has gone ahead and made an agreement with the landlord for use of the premise for 15 years. The place was thriving at that time. Therefore, the directors of Able might have felt compelled to take the place on long-term rental basis, even willing to go along with

THE YIELD CURVE AND THE ECONOMIC INDICATION Essay

THE YIELD CURVE AND THE ECONOMIC INDICATION - Essay Example The paper goes ahead to examine the yield curve of the USA and the Australia. This paper is divided into two sections. Section a answers the task one and section be answers task two. Section A Introduction The economic analysis in the international world has been witnessing many fluctuations and changes over the years. To access and analyze and even predict these economic fluctuations and changes, economics have been put to task on coming up with the techniques of making economic predictions. Interest rates are factored in as one of the indicators of economic changes globally. They can therefore be for a short term and for long term as well. These interest rates changes give a good prediction on future market trend for instance a three year borrowing of a company which will be influenced by the central bank rates of borrowing and therefore being necessary to analyze the interest rates to see their input into the economy whether positively or negatively. These interest rates basically have a very significant effect on any company or industry economically. The interest rates are never constant and these changes fluctuate from the short term interest rates to the long term interest rates. These changes are well explained in the yield curve. The yield curve is the best indicator of economic activities and it is therefore necessary to have better understanding of this for the benefit of explaining the economic trend. In this paper therefore I will give a critical look at the Yield curve and as well the different types of yield curves and their effect on the economy globally. Yield curve The simplest way to define interest rate is that it is the amount charged on the money borrowed. This comes in form of rates and the maturity amount. The rate is the timely amount given before the actual payment as per the agreement of the borrower and the bank. The maturity amount is the total amount paid after the period given for the repayment of the l oan elapses. The yield curve is the representation of the interest that is representation of the long term and short term interest rates. It’s used to refer to the maturity of borrowings in the banking sector. This curve is plotted by using the interest rates and the maturity period. This curve provides a very crucial basis for the governments to evaluate their economies. It is very basic for the determination of the current and future economic status of a particular economy. It is used for the determining of many financial derivatives like lending rate and mortgages for borrowers. The analysis of the economy of a country will requires the inclusion of the yield curve so as to make it all conclusive. Types of yield curves There are various types of yield curve and it is worth looking at each of these 1. Upward sloping yield curve, This type of a curve is mostly used to show the inflation in the economy. It shows that there is a probability of inflation rising over the followi ng years. It can also

Dr. Heidegger's Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dr. Heidegger's Experiment - Essay Example Hence, Dr. Heidegger is an old, peculiar and well educated man who is a signification of hope in Dr. Heidegger’s experiment and attempts to teach three ignorant peers life lessons through a carefully orchestrated experiment. As mentioned above, Dr. Heidegger possesses the quality of hope. One can gain admiration of his inner qualities by his brief history. Heidegger is said to have been deeply in love with a woman who he was on the verge of marrying until she died on the eve of their wedding after swallowing one of his prescription as she suffered from a slight disorder. The importance of this lady in his life is indicated by the large portrait of her which he keeps on his wall. The emotions and feelings of Dr. Heidegger for this lady are a characteristic feature of Gothic literature. In this literature emotions are usually well illustrated. Even after so many years have passed since the death of the lady, it is evident that Heidegger still possesses great love for this woman. This is also shown by the fact that he keeps the rose that he was supposed to wear on his wedding. This love and commitment possessed by Heidegger is an indication of his character and a symbol of emotional representation in gothi c literature. Hope can be seen in the actions of Heidegger as he chooses a unique group of individuals as his subjects. These individuals all have different backgrounds and these are effective in the fulfillment of the objectives in the experiment. The backgrounds of these individuals as well as their characters are also representations of gothic literature. In addition, the nature of the experiment also has some gothic elements. In gothic literature, the supernatural also plays a role. Hence, in this case Heidegger attempts to use the supernatural to teach his subjects the positives of living life once by giving them water from the fountain of youth. Heidegger is hopeful that this fountain

Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example In correlation research, information is normally gathered through questionnaires, interviews or through secondary sources. The variables in a correlation study are usually selected through a given rationale (Cohen, 2002). For instance one can seek to examine the attitude of students towards math and their mathematical modeling ability in the workplace. In that case one will seek to find out whether the two variables are correlated in any way. A correlation coefficient is then computed which is a quantitative value and will indicate the direction and the size of the relationship between the two variables. The two variables are chosen because in one way or another there may seem to be a relationship between them. The results obtained from a correlation survey are very relevant and practical in the workplace. For investment purposes, the correlation between different portfolios can be determined so as to diversify and avoid investing in similar ventures. A business can also use correlation analysis to find out how different factors affect the sales volume. In the evaluation of learning, the study of correlation can effectively illuminate various issues that account for the disparities in learning abilities of the students (Adrich, 2008). The study of correlation is therefore very relevant not only in the social sciences but in entirely all sectors of human

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last Essay - 2

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last century - Essay Example According Elisa et al (1), many disciplines have contributed to the study and development of media and communications as well. The first work to be discussed is that done by Karl Marx. His influences on this discipline were less assertive. Notwithstanding, the works were very important and well known in the analysis of media and communication (Atton 51). The theory of Marx is inclined to give a strong emphasis on how media and communication leads to situations of status quo among individuals (Elisa et al 1). This is opposed to many scholars who say that media’s role in the society is to encourage people communicating freely. The fundamental characteristic of the Marxist theory is his point of view on â€Å"materialism†, where Marx insists that social being is a great determinant of individual’s awareness. According to his opinion, ideological perspectives of others are not correct on their claim that the social status of individuals determines directly their consciousness and awareness. The researchers view ideology as power of specific system to denote its own meanings as experienced (Ivan 78). Marx’s position on ideology is that the media offers a great persuasion on the people of different groups to embrace capitalism as a natural aspect to them. Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of Marxism in 1920s and brought in a new idea of hegemony. Hegemony is a scenario where power relationship is received and regarded natural or seen as a common sense. Hegemony for example would include lifestyle programs that cover a range of areas of domestic life as well as personal lives of individuals. This could further include programs like childrearing, dog training, clothing, cooking, among others (Emke 57). Chomsky and Herman found out that media has a way of manipulating populations such that they are prevented from being rebellious. They did achieve this by manufacturing consents and controlling the audiences’

Are there Cultural differences in Chinese and American Negotiations Essay

Are there Cultural differences in Chinese and American Negotiations - Essay Example These cultural differences make negotiations between nations extremely complex. Negotiations between two nations with different cultural views need a specific agreement which suits both parties. For instance, negotiations between America and Chinese may prove to be difficult since the two countries have completely different cultural views. These cultural differences include the take on freedom of expression, collectivism and individualism, social structure, moral and values and business relations. Since the two nations are among the trade super powers in the world, they must find a way to carry out these negotiations. This paper will highlight the cultural differences between the two nations and ways in which they incorporate their differences to carry out successful negotiations. The paper will also give a clear perspective on whether the negotiations are made out of will or out of circumstances. In an attempt to get a clear perspective of the entire theme, the following questions w ill be highlighted; how can Chinese corporate people respond or behave in a different way from American corporate people in international trade negotiations? Are the experiences and outcomes of tension in negotiations similar for Chinese and American business personalities? Do Chinese and American representatives feel diverse levels of anxiety in international business discussions? Do Chinese and American representatives respond to anxiety differently? Firstly, the American negotiating culture is guided by the lawyers. Americans believe negotiation to be an activity in international relations while Asians believe it to be a provision of the paternalistic company heads to create lasting relations. All American negotiators are bound with contracts or legal solutions, whereas customary Asian negotiators believe that relationships are the solution to a business and that contract are just written records of accord between people. Americans put these papers into perspective more than find ing lasting relationships with individuals. With this difference the two nations may find it difficult to be bound by a legal document (Pervez, 2003).The Chinese also believe and want a relationship without the consent of legal documents while America on the other hand, insists on the legal approach of negotiations. The American negotiation culture is the only culture that believes that liability can be allocated in advance through a written agreement. This is one of the numerous features of international negotiation that has grown to be normal, but it still hits traditional Asian negotiators as foolish- that Americans believe contracts binding even as the sales environment changes. Generally, Asian negotiators and Chinese to be specific believe that as the external position change, so must a corporate relationship. Scores of Chinese partners have been puzzled and disappointed when their American counterparts begin waving a piece of paper in their face instead of taking action fairl y and wisely to new market realism. This difference hinders many Chinese developers to negotiate with the Americans. The Chinese at most times feel that they are been treated unfairly and that their relationship is not trusted. On another angle, the Americans believe in the completion of negotiations while the Chinese consider negotiations as an eternal pact to business dealings. Chinese believe that once one has

LEED Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEED - Assignment Example the nature of LEED certified constructions, is that the renovation and maintenance cost is substantially lower than those which are not LLED certified. The tendency for the useful lives of LEED certified building is presumed to be increased. 4. One of the subjective claims that is raised regarding LEED certified buildings and properties is that the workers who perform their duties, feel a very healthy environment because of reduced toxic emissions which lead to more productivity and efficiency among those workers. This claim is quite hard to verify because other factors also contribute in a great deal towards increasing productivity and efficiency of the workers. 1. The biggest disadvantage of LEED certification is the heavy initial cost in addition to the normal construction cost. LEED certified buildings require commissioning, administrative, documentation, modeling and designing costs to meet the requirements of LEEF certification which increase the overall cost of the buildings from 2% to 7% on average basis. 2. Another disadvantage of LEED certification is the rigid requirements of the standards designed by USGBC. These requirements are hard to meet on consistent basis. When scrutinized and if any non-compliance is found, the rating of a particular building is decreased as a result. LEED certification involves a process based on menu system. The building commissioner has a right to pick different items from an exhaustive list which includes items such as â€Å"installing on-site renewable energy facilities†, â€Å"improving insulation† etc. The building construction and renovation have the implementation of those items which are mentioned in the list of commissioners. Points are then awarded to the buildings on the basis of those items. Every item has one point with maximum 69 points in accumulation. Some technical exceptions to this point system also exist, but in the end the level of points causes various certification degrees. 1. Sustainable sites (14

Privacy issues Essay Example for Free

Privacy issues Essay What it is? Privacy is the right of individuals to conceal things, related to them, from others and prevent non-relevant persons/authorities from gaining access to it. Â  An individual wishes to hide his/her personal information since the latter is an invaluable asset. Anyone gaining access to it can cause harm to the individual. For example, an individual has the right to keep his/her credit card number private. Anyone gaining access to it can cause financial damage to the individual. (Alba, Stay , Lorenzen and Scoble , 2008) A breach of privacy occurs when an unauthorized person gains access to the information. This breach can only occur at a place where there is a large volume of information about the individuals. In this report we shall look at privacy issues related to the government, retail stores, hospitals, banks, organizations, or social networks like ‘face book’. Privacy Issues Faced By the Government: Governments collect a lot of information of people. Information regarding citizens of the country is required to avoid any act of illegal activities, terrorist attacks, etc. Information of people helps track people involved in criminal activities. More over information is also required to estimate or to calculate the taxes that the residents in the country will be giving in the proceeding year. Information of people is also required to plan for future developments in the country by looking at the people’s age, sex, etc. For example, in order to provide better healthcare to its people, the government collects information on people’s age, sex, illness records etc. (Freeman and Peace, 2004) Many important benefits occur from people gaining access to this information. Public records can help bring people close together. They can be used to link people who share common activities or hobbies. They can be used to track down missing family members such as finding parents for kids. Access to these records by businesses helps them to serve consumers better. This improves the quality of goods and services in the country and increases expenditure by consumers. Through this the overall economy prospers. (Chander , Gelman , and Radin , 2008) Access to these records by law-enforcing agencies improves safety of people. Records of criminal arrests and convictions ensure that such people are not hired at jobs. However, these benefits do not fully justify the breach of individual’s privacy. There are many ways that governments destabilize and threaten the privacy of citizens. Governments have numerous incentives to collect, store, and use information about their citizens. And they bear very little when they abuse information about citizens. Public records are one way that threatens the privacy of individuals. Information such as on property and loans of an individual , driving license information , criminal record and tax record are some of the example that can be mishandled by the government and other authorized persons and may become a serious issue . Individuals may even commit frauds and violent crimes using the private data available to the government. For example, public records contain information on people’s bank account. Any one gaining access to it can commit a fraud using this information and then the person bearing the account will be held responsible. Governments take a lot of steps to prevent unauthorized access by people to this information. All these steps are implemented at the points where the information is extracted and recorded. For example, all vehicles traveling on highways are required to have black boxes fitted into them. These record invaluable information on what individuals do inside the vehicle. So the authorities need to ensure that these black boxes are not easy to break into. Â  Similarly, all cell phones broad cast information on locations that the cell phone user visits. This is also an invaluable asset. The government needs to ensure that cell phone companies do not disclose this information to other companies or individuals. Similarly, governments collect a lot of information on financial standings of people. This is done in the name of performing tax calculations. These records, if mishandled, can clearly reveal extremely confidential information like income, savings, investments etc. Thus it is utmost important that governments ensure that financial information is only accessed by concerned authorities. Privacy Issues Faced By Retail Stores: Retail outlets – Real and Online, in pursuit of serving their customers better than their competitors, allow credit services to their regular customers. To effectively run this scheme, they need to record a lot of personal information such as credit card numbers and social security numbers. Misuse of these can cause a lot of damage to the individual. For example misuse of credit cards can even make an individual bankrupt. (Solove , Rotenberg , and Schwartz , 2006) Not only it is important information like credit card number that is to be kept concealed, even information like address and phone numbers are important. This if leaked out can be used by spammers and junk mailers. Already people are facing this issue. A lot of regulations are imposed by law-enforcing agencies upon retailers to ensure that they handle the personal information appropriately. For example the Retail Council of Canada has established a comprehensive privacy policy on what information is collected at retail stores, how it is collected, how it is used and what should be done to protect it . (Holtzman, 2006) This is not just the duty of retail stores , etc to protect and individual personal information but the individuals are also at the same time responsible for protecting their own person information that can have the potential to be used in illegal activities . Individuals should give only limited and relevant information to the retail stores in order to protect their privacy . Moreover a go through on the copy of retailers privacy policy can also be helpful to find out what information can be leaked out from the retail store or to find out which information they should not give out to the stores . Privacy Issues Faced by Social Networking Websites like ‘Face book’: Social networking sites are new dimension of internet these days. Their aim is to connect an individual with all his friends and colleagues with just a click. Also they help an individual meet new people and make new acquaintances. With the busy and fast running life of today these sites have become enormous hits. However, these sites are huge repositories of information relating individuals all across the globe. And when there is information there is the risk of privacy being breached. Thus the need for a privacy policy arises in this case too. Most websites ensure that the information is maintained on computers that are safe from unauthorized access. Moreover they also need to ensure that there are no leakages of information while it is being transmitted from the server to the user or vice-versa. (Atwan , Lushing, and Andrews, 2008) The ‘Face book’ has two core privacy principles. First, it gives choice to its users to put in whatever information they want. And individuals can control who can see how much information. Second, it aims to make sharing of information easier and less time consuming. Â  However, the website does reveal that the user information will be revealed to the third parties. by stating that the information in the profiles can be used by the third party without indentifying the name of that individual. Privacy Issues Faced by Organizations: Organizations, both public and private collect and maintain a lot of information on their customers. Customer Information can have several uses that can be very valuable especially for organizations. Some of the benefits of having customer information is that it can help learn the needs and wants of their customers – potential and current. It can be used to more efficiently offer their products to customers and also , the customer information can be used to predict the future demand of the company’s product and future cash flow . Like at all the other sources, this information is equally likely to be misused and individual’s privacy will be breached. The best way to regulate organization’s privacy is at government level. People expect government to formulate laws that will ensure that organizations do not breach away with consumer’s privacy. (Solove , Rotenberg , and Schwartz , 2005) Another way is to regulate through the market regulation. In this the business that is successful in retaining the customer information private and confidential becomes successful whereas business that do not offer satisfactory privacy guarantees to the customer are ignored and put out of the business. Privacy Issues faced by Hospitals The question is why privacy is important in hospitals. Privacy in hospitals is needed to ensure that personal health information can be shared for core health activities, with safeguards to limit the inappropriate use and sharing of patient data. Â  Any deviation from this law will hurt the hospitals reputation as patients will stop trusting hospital to safeguard their sensitive personal records. Therefore hospitals are required to take critical steps towards building security and privacy of healthcare providers, patients and all others involved in health care. (Gaston , 2003) Some steps taken towards safeguarding patient’s privacy include: 1. Patient’s written and explicit authorization is required to disclose personal health information to employers. The authorization must include what information is to be shared, person allowed to use data and for what purpose information is to be retrieved. 2. However, hospital administration is permitted to utilize patient’s personal health information for treatment. 3. If the patient is present, the hospital may disclose medical information to such people if the patient does not object. If the patient objects to disclosure the hospital may determine whether the disclosure is in the best interests of the patient. The professional judgment of the health care provider should inform any decision regarding disclosure of protected health information to a family member or friend who is involved in the patients care, as these disclosures are permitted, but not mandatory. 4. Disclosure of protected health information has always been permitted for purposes such as national security, public health monitoring, and law enforcement, as well as many others. 5. The health information custodians policies must be readily available to patients and should include information about practices and procedures. The right of privacy and consent are essential to the trust and integrity of the patient-physician relationship. Privacy Issues in Banks – Real and Online . Customer’s personal privacy is extremely important to banks. Bank should be committed to protecting customer information. Banks should not share nonpublic information about customers with third parties without their consent. Â  Information banks should collect from customers should help serve only the financial needs of customers, provide customer service, offer new products or services, and fulfill legal and regulatory requirements. These types of non-public, personal information may include: 1. Information we received loan or insurance applications or other forms. 2. Information about transactions with affiliates of banks. 3. Information from outside companies. Banks should collect only the information necessary to deliver quality products and services to customers. All of internet sensitive information of customers should be protected by data encryption technology. (Luna , 2004) References: 1. Alba, Jason , Stay , Jesse , Lorenzen , Lee Scoble , Robert (2008). Im on FacebookNow What: How to Get Personal, Business, and Professional Value from Faceboo. Happy About. 2. Alderman, Ellen , Kennedy , Caroline (1997). The Right to Privacy.Vintage . 3. Atwan , Greg , Lushing, Evan , Andrews, Aurora (2008). The Facebook Book . Abrams Image. 4. Chander , Anupam , Gelman , Lauren , Radin , Margaret Jane (2008). Securing Privacy in the Internet Age . Stanford Law Books. 5. Freeman, Lee, Peace, A. Graham (2004). Information Ethics: Privacy and Intellectual Propert.Information Science Publishing . 6. Gaston , S. J. (2003). Protecting Your Money, Privacy and Identity from Theft, Loss and Misuse. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants . 7. Holtzman, David H. (2006). Privacy Lost: How Technology Is Endangering Your Privacy. Jossey-Bass. 8. Levine, John R. , Church , Ray Everett-, Stebben , Gregg (2002). Internet Privacy for Dummies . For Dummies . 9. Luna , J.J. (2004). How to Be Invisible: The Essential Guide to Protecting Your Personal Privacy, Your Assets, and Your Life. Thomas Dunne Books. 10. Solove , Daniel J. , Rotenberg , Marc , Schwartz , Paul M. (2006). Privacy, Information And Technology. Aspen Publishers. 11. Solove , Daniel J. , Rotenberg , Marc , Schwartz , Paul M. (2005). Information Privacy Law. Aspen Publishers.

Uniform costing

Uniform costing Uniform costing is not a separate or distinct method of cost accounting like job costing or process costing. It is only a system of cost accounting to be used by the members of the industry or trade association. It involves adoption of same costing principles, practices and procedures by the individual members of the industry for inter-firm comparison.The system is made operative through Trade Association or Chamber of Commerce or some other central agency. Its underlying idea is that whatever costing methods are used, the same should be applied uniformly by all the members of the industry. Before a uniform costing system is applied, it is utmost necessary to educate the members about the desirability of this system and its underlying principles. Uniform costing is not a new concept. It was first introduced by the National Association of Stove Manufacturers of U.S.A. which developed a uniform formula for use by its members for costing industrys products. Similarly, a uniform costing system was adopted for printing industry in the United States. But in U.K., British Federation of Master Printers was the first organisation to introduce a uniform costing system. In India, it is being used in coal industry, steel industry and fertiliser industry. There is a good scope of using uniform costing system in other industries too. CIMA defines uniform accounting as â€Å"a system, using common concepts, principles and standard accounting practice, adopted by different entities in the same industry to facilitate inter-firm comparison.† Application Of Uniform Costing System:- Single Company having a number of factories located at different places producing similar products or performing similar operations. For example, this system is being used by Associated Cement Company for its plants. In this case, management prescribes a set of forms and procedures for the plant and all the records are maintained in a uniform manner. A number of companies within the same industry. Normally Trade Associations or Chambers of Commerce coordinates the function of uniform costing system. Members of the association are required to maintain uniform costing records which are helpful in measuring the operating efficiency of its members. It ensures that cost data submitted by member companies are comparable and consistent. Introduction of Uniform Costing helps the companies to submit reliable cost data to price fixing bodies, like Bureau of Industrial costs and Prices or other Govt. departments to determine the average cost and fixing the fair selling prices of various products. Objectives Of Uniform Costing:- To have a reliable cost data for inter-unit or inter-firm comparison of costs. To compare the operational efficiency of individual members against industrys overall performance of all member units. To fix a common selling price for the industry as a whole on the basis of cost of production of all member units. To reveal lines of individual products which have been marketed on an unprofitable basis. To reveal lines of individual products which have been marketed on an improfitable basis. Member-companies adopt one best method of cost accounting system known to the industry. This eliminates unsound method and saves costs required in perfecting systems through expensive experimentation. New companies can adopt it as a ready-made system. Other companies can adopt the common system for improving their existing system. It develops a sense of awareness for production efficiencies within the industry for controlling costs. It provides standard guidelines for pricing of products and indicates how prices fixed below la certain level may be self-defeating even though it may bring additional sales. It is beneficial to all the competing companies for filling tenders and quotations and consequently ill-effects of competition are avoided. In case of ‘cost-plus contracts, uniform costing facilitates preparation of cost sheets on commonly accepted standard principles and practices. Thus, it helps early finalization of ‘cost plus claims. It helps the Chambers of Commerce and Industry to present their case to Government on matters such as tariffs or export incentives. It encourages research and development work at comparatively low cost to the member-companies. The benefits of research and development carried out by large scale organized units can be shared by the small units. It enables the member-companies to receive the services of cost experts jointly with the minimum expenditure. It facilities the introduction of uniform wage structure for the industry as a whole. It serves as a pre-requisite to cost audit and inter-firm comparison. The various member-units in an industry differ widely with regard to location, age, condition of plant and degree of mechanization. This difference is sometimes so wide that it does not permit efficient use of uniform costing system. For smaller units, this system may not commensurate with the benefits derived. Uniform costing system may not commensurate with the benefits derived. The standard terminology used in the uniform costing system may not be understood properly by the member companies. However, this objective can be overcome by introduction of Uniform Costing. For Successful Application Of Uniform Costing System, The Following Conditions Must Be Satisfied: The members of the trade association or Chamber of Commerce should work with a spirit of mutual trust and cooperation. Members should exchange their ideas freely, without fearing the leakage of secrecy. The well-organised and large-scale sector should be prepared to pass on the technological improvements in the process/method of production to the other companies who unable to conduct their own research and development activities. The companies must furnish full and correct information to the Association so the efficiency of the members-companies can be compared. The members should not work with a sense of rivalry and jealousy. The term ‘Uniform Cost Plan covers activities such as cost accounting system, format for reports, analysis of cost data, etc. Some of the activities which may be carried on partially or completely are as follows: Publication of pages, speeches or discussions of important matters pertaining to costs in Trade Journals. Publication of educational literature pertaining to objectives of cost finding. Studies of particular costing problems in the industry to develop sound principles. Activities of counseling nature relaxing to establishment or operatives of cost accounting system. Development of estimating formulae or short-cut methods of establishing basis for pricing. Development and promotion of uniform cost programme. Cost studies in determining average or representative cost of products, functions or activities for general information of members. Regular collections and dissemination of cost data under some kind of reporting plan. Complete analysis of cost data to interpret results to show trends, weakness of operation, etc. Whether cost data are required for one product or al the products produced in a factory. Costing techniques to be used, i.e, historical, standard or marginal. Definitions of various elements of cost such as: v direct material v direct labour v cost of direct services v factory overheads, administrative and selling overheads. Items which are extraneous to costs such as bad debts, donations, etc, and to be excluded from cost. Classification of production and service departments. Method of treatment of spoilage, defectives, etc, in costs. Treatment of research and development in costs and methods of allocation of research and development to each cost centre/cost unit. Treatment of handling and storage cost of raw materials. Method of pricing of materials used such as FIFO, LIFO, simple average, weighted average. Production centres, cost centres, etc, to be used for analysis and comparison of costs. Methods of payment of remuneration. Treatment of items like interest on own capital, rent of premises owned, etc Method of working out depreciation, i.e, whether straight line method or written down value method to be used. Method of apportionment of service departments costs to production departments. System of classification and codification of cost accounts. Method of valuation of work in progress. The method of presentation of data and reporting to management. Treatment of under/over absorbed overhead, eg. Applying supplementary rate or write off to profit and loss account. For successful implementation of uniform costing system, it is the primary duty of a Trade Association of devise a cost manual containing recommended cost accounting plan. All the participant members should be invited for detailed discussion before a cost manual is finalised. The cost manual is of immense help in guiding the participating firms to operate their accounts on uniform basis. If the industry consists of companies of similar size and a common range of products, it is entirely feasible to present the accounting procedure in one manual for use of all members. Where, however, there is a great disparity in size of companies in an industry, it is better to issue a separate manual for large companies and one for the small. The Characteristics Of A Good Uniform Cost Manual Are Summarized Below: v It should present a strong case for the desirability of using uniform cost accounting methods. v It should serve as a comprehensive reference book on cost accounting procedures. v It should be useful to the executives/cost accountants for saving all problems in installation and execution of recommended uniform costing method. Introduction Statement of objectives and purpose of the system. Education the management and people about the uniform costing system Scope of the system. Case for use of the system. Organisation Organisation for developing and operating the system. Stages in which the system is to be introduced. Management of the organisation by trade association or otherwise. Accounting System General principles of accounting to be adopted. Terminology to be followed. Details of coding system. Classification and description of accounts. Reconciliation between financial accounts and cost accounts. Accounting period. Method Of Costing [E.G. Process Costing, Job Costing, Standard Costing.] Unit of production. Costing periods [e.g. monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual] Expenses to be considered in costs. Methods to be used for inter-unit transfer pricing. Classification of departments [Production department, service department, etc.] Material cost direct and indirect, treatment of idle time, treatment of fringe benefits, overtime, production bonus. Overhead-classification,collection, apportionment and allocation. Direct and indirect depreciation, method of depreciation to be used, research and development expenditure,methodofallocation/appotionment of service department cost to production department, capacity cost etc. Reporting. Periodically of reports. Levels for whom the repors are to be sent. Cost statements. Ratios -cost as well as financial. Supplementary data. Ø Nature and extent of information to be accumulated Inter-firm comparison requires that all relevant and detailed cost information should be collected regarding business firm. No definite list of information can be suggested for collection. However, the following are the usual information which are applicable to all industries and therefore can be collected for the inter-firm comparison: Information regarding cost and cost structure. Labour efficiency and labour utilisation. Machine efficiency and machine utilisation. Raw materials consumed wastage and stores-keeping. Return on capital employed. Liquidity and liquid resources. Reserve and appropriation of profits. Debtors and creditors. Methods of production and technical aspects. Inventory and inventory systems. Ø Responsibility for collection, coordination and presentation of information In some countries separate organisations have been established for collecting and presenting information. in India inter-firm comparison information is collected by various trade associations, chambers of commerce, the national productivity council, research and statistics division of several commerce and trade journals and periodicals and newspapers. Ø Method of collection and presentation of information Information for the purpose of inter-firm comparison is usually supplied by business enterprises to organisation regularly. Information can be collected by field workers also. After the information is collected, it is properly compiled and arranged and finally a consolidated report is prepared for the benefit of business firms. For the information to be purposeful, it is essential that participating firms should agree about the meaning of various terms used in ratios and accounting information The printing industry in UK has played a leading role in the establishment of uniform costing system this industry was first to introduce the uniform costing system.This was a welcome step for introduction of inter-firm comparison in the printing industry. The industry awas divided into various groups each having its own ratios based on differents characteristic of the firms. The division is based on the following characteristics: Nature of activities carried in the printing industry, eg, genral printers , book printers,. newspapers houses, and Size determined bu number of employees. It is to be pointed out here that actual figure sof profit or other details are not issued to members so that there is no betraying of confidence. Emphasis is always laid on depicting the average results so that a single firm can make a comparison to see whether its own ratios are equal, better or worse than the average for its own particular group. For each ratio the median and upper and lower quartiles are computed. The principal ratios used by the principal industry in u.k are given. The benefits from inter-firm comparson include the advantages of uniform costing system and benefits arising out of the use ratios. The advantages of uniform costing system has been discussed before. The following additional advantages are obtained from inter firm comparison: The extent of weakness of the participating firms is reaveled. Management is, therefore induced to take suitable remedial actions. The participating firms give information voluntarily and willingly in the prescribed questionare. The definations of various terms are clearly explained to the users. Thus the results obtained from the information are accurate and capable of being compared. Inter- firm comparison promotes cost consciousness among the members of the industry. It enables the government to take measures for effecting price regulation. It facilitates government to grant protection to industries, wherever necessary. It introdues a sense of healthy competition among the participating firms. It provides substantial data to the members-firms to present their case to government. It forces ‘self searching exercise among the members-firms. The benefits arising from inter-firm comparison have been outlined above. It is very good practice which promise substantial benefits to the members of the industry. The practical difficulties which are often experienced in the implementation of IFC scheme are summarized below. The member-firms often express resistance to the idea of disclosing data relating to the performance. Satisfaction with the present profits may bring about a sense of complaceny which is disastrous for active participation in the implementation of IFC When the companies do not follow suitable cost acconting system,the inter firm comparison will not be meaningful and effective. Non availability of suitable basis for comparison presents problem to the introduction of IFC. Ø GOOGLE.COM Ø YAHOO.COM Ø COST ACCOUNTING BY JAWAHAR LAL Ø COST ACCOUTING BY SULTAN SONS

Doctor-Assisted Suicide and the Hospitals Bottom Line :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and the Hospitals' Bottom Line      Ã‚   An important factor in debates over health care and treatment strategies is the issue of cost. It is tremendously expensive to provide the state-of-the-art care that the modern hospital offers. Concerns about where the money will come from to care for elderly citizens appear to be making the case for "mercy killing" even more compelling. Under financial pressure, hospitals are exercising their right to deny such expensive healthcare to the aged or seriously ill.    We reserve the right to refuse service: Most people have seen these signs at restaurants and retail shops. But now, metaphorically, some hospitals are hanging such notices over their entryways by promulgating "futile care" protocols that grant doctors the right to say no to wanted life-extending medical treatment to patients whose lives they consider lacking in sufficient quality to justify the cost of care.    Unnoticed by the mainstream press, a disturbing study published in the Fall 2000 issue of the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics reveals how far the futile-care movement, in reality the opening salvo in a planned campaign among medical elites to impose health-care rationing upon us, has already advanced. The authors reviewed futility policies currently in effect in 26 California hospitals. Of these, only one policy provided that "doctors should act to support the patient's life" when life-extending care is wanted. All but two of the hospital policies defined circumstances in which treatments should be considered nonobligatory even if requested by the patient or patient representative. In other words, 24 of the 26 hospitals permit doctors to unilaterally deny wanted life-supporting care.    How is such medical abandonment justified? Advocates of futile-care theory cleverly shift the focus away from the physiological effect provided to the patient and toward whether the patient has the "potential for appreciating the benefit of the treatment." Thus, the Cambridge Quarterly reports that 12 of the 26 hospitals surveyed prohibit treating people diagnosed with permanent unconsciousness (other than comfort care) based on these patients' supposed inability to know they are being treated. Never mind that several medical studies demonstrate that this condition is often wrongly diagnosed (40 percent misdiagnosis according to one British report). And never mind that such patients sometimes awaken unexpectedly, as recent headlines attest. What is most disturbing is that these policies, if enforced, would prevent profoundly brain-damaged and dementia patients from receiving tube-supplied food and water because such care is considered medical treatment.

The Character of Dee in Alice Walkers Everyday Use Essay -- Alice Wal

The Character of Dee in Alice Walker's Everyday Use Alice Walker skillfully crafts the character of Dee Johnson in the short story "Everyday Use." From the first paragraph, Walker begins to weave the portrait of Dee, who at first seems shallow in many aspects. Dee becomes a more complex character, however, as the story unfolds. Blessed with both brains and good looks, Dee emerges as someone who is still struggling with her identity and heritage. Dee's physical beauty can be defined as one of her biggest assets. The fact that Maggie sees Dee "with a mixture of envy and awe" (409) cues the reader to Dee's favorable appearance. The simplistic way in which Walker states that "Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure" (410) gives the reader the idea that Dee's beauty has made it easier for her to be accepted outside her family in society. We are left with the impression that Dee's appearance is above average. Walker plays on Dee's physical beauty to contrast the homeliness of Maggie and her mother. Walker goes so far as to describe her feet as "always neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them with a certain style" (411). In describing Dee's feet, Walker is giving the impression of perfection from head to toe. Dee's outward beauty has "made her transition from poor farm girl to that of an educated, middle-class black woman possible" (Allen-Polley 11). Needless to say, Dee doesn't seem comfor table with her past and therefore has a difficult time accepting her future. It is as though she is not really connected with her family anymore. She simply needs them to fulfill their positions in her recreated past. Dee's motivation in returning home seems to be not just seeing her family ... ...ng part of one's life. The character of Dee has many facets. She is blessed with good looks and a strong desire to succeed, but her blind and self-serving desire for success does hamper how she perceives her past and her heritage. By hiding "everything above the tip of her nose and her chin" (415), she deftly manages to disguise herself from anyone who might discover true ancestry. She refuses to accept her past as it really happened. She wants to be able to create the images to her liking. The past is something that cannot be recreated to suit our new ideas, however: It is a part of us that cannot be changed. Sources Allen-Polley, Kathryn. "Dee's Heritage." Ode to Friendship. Ed. Connie Bellamy. Virginia Wesleyan College, 1998. Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use." Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Harper Collins, 1991.

Correcting for Errors Inherent in DNA Pooling Methods :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Correcting for Errors Inherent in DNA Pooling Methods Professor’s comment: This student’s research paper describes developments and refinements in an effort to correct for errors inherent in the DNA pooling methods employed in genetics research. I admire the clarity and efficiency with which she explains these developments. Introduction Many genetic diseases have yet to be located on the human genome for reasons that include their multiple loci and incomplete penetrance. To pinpoint these loci in terms of particular regions of the chromosomes, association studies, which compare allele frequency between affected individuals (probands) and controls, must be performed across the entire human genome. With approximately 0.4 cMs between markers, 10,000 microsatellite markers would be necessary to fully saturate the genome (Collins et al., 2000). For a study of 1000 probands and 1000 controls, 20 million genotypings would be required (Collins et al., 2000). Because of the relative impossibility of such a task, a technique called DNA pooling has been developed. DNA pooling involves the mixing of equal amounts of DNA from each individual in a group and then proceeding as one would with individual samples—by performing a PCR and running the samples out on a gel. DNA pooling can determine total allele content of a group, for one microsatellite, without the need to individually genotype each individual in that group. As such, it is an effective way to decrease the number of genotypings required, reducing the workload by factors of tens or hundreds. Although the benefits of DNA pooling are immense, two significant sources of error must be addressed. The first, known as stutter peaks, results from a slippage of the DNA polymerase during the PCR replication process. Stutter peaks appear as progressively smaller peaks before each real allele peak and result in artificially inflated values for the smaller allele sizes. This error is consistent and reproducible for a particular marker (Perlin et al., 1995). The other major source of error is caused by preferential amplification of some alleles over others. In this situation, uneven PCR replication and amplification result from the differing sizes of the fragments being replicated. Over the years, several methods have been developed to overcome these sources of error, making DNA pooling a practical method of screening for disease loci. Early Methods for Stutter Correction LeDuc et al. (1995) developed one of the first methods to correct for the stutter artifact by measuring the allele and stutter peak heights for the smallest allele of the pool and any allele not immediately adjacent to other alleles. Correcting for Errors Inherent in DNA Pooling Methods :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Correcting for Errors Inherent in DNA Pooling Methods Professor’s comment: This student’s research paper describes developments and refinements in an effort to correct for errors inherent in the DNA pooling methods employed in genetics research. I admire the clarity and efficiency with which she explains these developments. Introduction Many genetic diseases have yet to be located on the human genome for reasons that include their multiple loci and incomplete penetrance. To pinpoint these loci in terms of particular regions of the chromosomes, association studies, which compare allele frequency between affected individuals (probands) and controls, must be performed across the entire human genome. With approximately 0.4 cMs between markers, 10,000 microsatellite markers would be necessary to fully saturate the genome (Collins et al., 2000). For a study of 1000 probands and 1000 controls, 20 million genotypings would be required (Collins et al., 2000). Because of the relative impossibility of such a task, a technique called DNA pooling has been developed. DNA pooling involves the mixing of equal amounts of DNA from each individual in a group and then proceeding as one would with individual samples—by performing a PCR and running the samples out on a gel. DNA pooling can determine total allele content of a group, for one microsatellite, without the need to individually genotype each individual in that group. As such, it is an effective way to decrease the number of genotypings required, reducing the workload by factors of tens or hundreds. Although the benefits of DNA pooling are immense, two significant sources of error must be addressed. The first, known as stutter peaks, results from a slippage of the DNA polymerase during the PCR replication process. Stutter peaks appear as progressively smaller peaks before each real allele peak and result in artificially inflated values for the smaller allele sizes. This error is consistent and reproducible for a particular marker (Perlin et al., 1995). The other major source of error is caused by preferential amplification of some alleles over others. In this situation, uneven PCR replication and amplification result from the differing sizes of the fragments being replicated. Over the years, several methods have been developed to overcome these sources of error, making DNA pooling a practical method of screening for disease loci. Early Methods for Stutter Correction LeDuc et al. (1995) developed one of the first methods to correct for the stutter artifact by measuring the allele and stutter peak heights for the smallest allele of the pool and any allele not immediately adjacent to other alleles.

Candys dog Essay

In Section three of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† we come to a significant part of the story where Carlson shoots Candy’s dog. From previous sections in the book, Steinbeck has made it evident that Candy’s dog is important to Candy. When we are first introduced to Candy and his dog, Steinbeck repeatedly describes both characters as â€Å"old†, showing how alike both are. â€Å"Old Candy, the swamper, came in and went to his bunk, and behind him struggled his old dog. † In this sentence, the adjective used to describe both characters is â€Å"old†. This suggests the similarity between them, showing that they are both reaching nearer to the end of their life. While Slim, George, Candy and his dog are in the bunk house, Carlson comes in and talks to Slim. He then complains about the smell of the dog. â€Å"God awmighty that dog stinks. Get him outta here, Candy! † Carlson makes it clear that he doesn’t like the dog being in the bunk house as it brings a foul smell with it. But when Candy hears Carlson say this, he reaches over to pat his dog as if it is fully aware of what is being said. This action evinces that Candy is apologising to the dog on Carlson’s behalf. Candy treats his dog like a human as his dog is his only companion. However, the workers at the ranch see him only as a dog. When Carlson mentions to Candy about shooting his dog, Candy’s actions and dialogues convey how Candy feels about this idea. â€Å"Candy looked about unhappily. ‘No,’ he said softly. ‘No, I couldn’t do that. I had him too long. ’ Candy is reluctant to let Carlson shoot his dog and we know this through the use of the adverb â€Å"unhappily†. Candy words make it evident that he is not ready to lose his only company. Candy purposefully tries to delay Carlson when he says, â€Å"You ain’t got no gun. † He is hopeful that Carlson doesn’t have the necessary items to kill Candy’s dog with. When the men hear the shot that marks the death of Candy’s dog, Candy’s reaction towards the death of his dog illustrates his emotions. â€Å"For a moment he continued to stare at the ceiling. Then he rolled slowly over and faced the wall and lay silent. † This action symbolises an act of rejecting the outside world. Candy’s dog was his only way of staying happy. But now that his dog has been shot, he has nothing else in the world that is worth living for. During this conversation between Carlson and Candy, George interrupts. â€Å"George said, ‘I seen a guy in Weed that had an Airedale could herd sheep. Learned it from the other dogs. ’† George tries divert Carlson’s attention to a different topic. This indicates that George is attempting to assist Candy in saving his dog. George is being empathetic towards Candy as he might understand how Candy will feel when he loses his only companion. He is taking into account other’s feelings before his own. We see this previously in the book where George stands up for Lennie when Curley threatens him. George’s only companion is Lennie and he has travelled with Lennie in search of work for a very long time. George may be the only person who realises how difficult it will be for Candy if he found himself alone after a very long time. As Carlson continuously encourages Candy to let him shoot Candy’s dog, Carlson turns to Slim for support. He asks Slim, â€Å"I bet Slim would give you one of his pups to raise up, wouldn’t you, Slim? † From previous descriptions in the book, the audience is aware that Slim is an influential character in the novel. Steinbeck makes a direct judgement about him unlike he does with the other characters in the book. Steinbeck describes him as â€Å"Majestic† and â€Å"Prince of the ranch†. Nearing the death of Candy’s dog, Steinbeck once again shows us the importance of Slim’s character at the ranch when Carlson asks for Slim’s opinion on the matter. When Slim agrees with Carlson that Candy’s dog should be shot Candy look’s helplessly at Slim: â€Å"Candy looked helplessly at him, for Slim’s opinions were law. † Steinbeck yet again directly informs the reader that Slim’s opinions are not taken lightly but seriously by the men on the ranch. It is clear that the men on the ranch constantly have respect for Slim and they do as Slim says. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Okonkwo as Morally Ambiguous Character Essay

â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe describes tribal life in the jungles of Africa and speaks about Ibo community before the arrival of a white man. The main character of the story, Okonkwo, can be described as morally ambiguous because, on the one hand, he is a man of greatness, although, on the other hand, such qualities as violence and gender discrimination are inherent to him. Certain aspects of novel, as, for example, his suicide at the end, show that his character is of ambiguous nature. Moral ambiguity is important for the overall theme of the story as the author is willing to prove that people are very rarely purely good or evil. Thus, Achebe tends to create characters that are more applicable for the readers, not to create moral standing images. (Leach, p. 1053) Okonkwo is morally dynamic character. On the one hand, he is sensitive to his family, children and friends, but, on the other hand, he attempts to rebel his father exhibiting the tendency to violence and power of physical strength. The author shows that his character is developed by the situation he is presented with. Thus, the character has to respond to swiftly changing situations and to act depending on them. In the beginning of the book we see that Okonkwo is respected and he is satisfied with his success. He works hard towards his goal to become rich and famous. He is a man of great physical and moral strength. The issue of moral ambiguity arises, when Okonkwo simply discards his father not respecting and following the qualities he exhibits. Lack of self-discovery and moral resolution shows ambiguous nature of the character. (Noromele, 200) The main character flaw is presented by Achebe as: â€Å"But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness†¦It was not external but lay deep within himself. It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father†. (Achebe, p. 13) Okonkwo’s reflections about tribal order, family members and social status prove that Ibo society associates men only with strength. Okonkwo’s son by his first wife is described as a woman-like being a serious insult. After Ikemefuna’s death main hero can’t understand his sorrow asking himself: â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman? † (Achebe, p. 62) The fear not to become fragile makes Okonkwo work hard accumulating material possessions and justifying his manhood – good harvest, wives and honors. His fear suppresses him to express the feelings of sympathy, gentles, empathy and compassion. Instead, he refers to violence to escape from frustrated emotions. For example, he prefers â€Å"wrestling during his youth and later becoming a renowned warrior†. (Achebe, p. 69) Achebe shows that Okonkwo is man of action rather than a man of thought. Okonkwo earns respect of villages due to his violence, but he doesn’t realize that violence will lead him to moral destruction, exile and ultimate death. Achebe illustrates that Okonkwo’s fear to become weak and fragile makes him commit numerous transgressions against social laws in community. Okonkwo beats his third wife during the Weak of Peace as the week is dedicated to the Earth goddess Ani. Achebe writes that Okonkwo â€Å"is not the man to stop beating someone half-way through, not even for fear of goddess†. (Achebe, p. 30) Okonkwo thinks that showing personal strength values more than displaying deference to goddess. The turning point in the story is when Okonkwo kills a young clansman at the funeral. He is exiled for seven years. When Okonkwo returns to his village, he sees the presence of white men and establishment of the new law. Instead of being supported to take revenge, Okonkwo faces hesitation and doubt realizing that the spirit of clan is dead. Summing up, Okonkwo is morally ambiguous character presented as a man of greatness, although being ready to violate social and natural laws. Okonkwo works hard to become rich and famous, but he permits violence and intolerance to justify his manhood. It is Okonkwo’s fear of weakness that leads him to moral destruction. In the end Okonkwo faces what he fears the most – weakness and inability to take action. In the image of Okonkwo the author shows that there are no purely good or evil personalities. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann, 1958. Leach, Josephine. A Study of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart in mid-America. The English Journal, 60, 8 (1971): pp. 1052-1056. Noromele, Patrick. 22 March 2000. The Plight of A Hero in Achebe s Things Fall Apart. College Literature, available at http://www. highbeam. com/College+Literature/publications. aspx

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using NPV and IRR

The difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. NPV compares the value of a dollar today to the value of that same dollar in the future, taking inflation and returns into account. If the NPV of a prospective project is positive, it should be accepted. However, if NPV is negative, the project should probably be rejected because cash flows will also be negative.Net present value, or NPV, is one of the calculations business managers use to evaluate capital projects. A capital project is a long-term investment or improvement, such as building a new store. The NPV calculation determines the present value of the project's projected future income. In the calculation, the present value of the project's cost is subtracted from the present value of future income. A positive net present value usually means you should accept or implement the project. Business owners who compare two or more projects tend to favor the one with the higher net present value.ADVANTAGES OF NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)NPV gives important to the time value of money.In the calculation of NPV, both after cash flow and before cash flow over the life span of the project are considered.  Profitability and risk of the projects are given high priority.NPV helps in maximizing the firm's value.DISADVANTAGES OF NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)NPV is difficult to use.NPV cannot give accurate decision if the amount of investment of mutually exclusive projects is not equal.It is difficult to calculate the appropriate discount rate.NPV may not give correct decision when the projects are of unequal life.IRR (INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN)Internal rate of return is a discounting cash flow technique which gives a rate of return that is earned by a project. We can define internal rate of return as the discounting rate which makes total of initial cash outlay and discounted cash inflows equal to zero. In other words, it is that discounting rate at which the net present value is equal to zero.IRR is a prominent technique for evaluation of big projects and investment proposals widely used by management of the company, banks, financial institution etc. for their various purposes. The calculation of an IRR is little tricky. It is advantageous in terms of its simplicity and it has certain disadvantages in the form of limitations under certain special conditions.ADVANTAGES OF INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)Perfect Use Of Time Value Of Money TheoryTime value of money means interest and it should high because we are sacrifice of money for specific time. IRR is nothing but shows high interest rate which we expect from our investment. So, we can say, IRR is the perfect use of time value of money theory.All Cash Flows Are Equally ImportantIt is good method of capital budgeting i n which we give equal importance to all the cash flows not earlier or later. We just create its relation with different rate and want to know where is present value of cash inflow is equal to present value of cash outflow.Uniform RankingThere is no base for selecting any particular rate in internal rate of return.Maximum Profitability Of ShareholderIf there is only project which we have to select, if we check its IRR and it is higher than its cut off rate, then it will give maximum profitability to shareholderDISADVANTAGES OF INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)To understand IRR is difficultIt is difficult to understand it because many student cannot understand why are calculating different rate in it and it becomes more difficult when real value of IRR will be two experimental rate because of not equalize present value of cash inflow with present value of cash outflow. Unrealistic Assumptionfor calculating IRR we create one assumption. We think that if we invest out money on this IRR, aft er receiving profit, we can easily reinvest our investments profit on same IRR. It is an unrealistic assumption. 3. Hurdle Rate Not RequiredIn capital budgeting analysis, the hurdle rate, or cost of capital, is the required rate of return at which investors agree to fund a project. It can be a subjective figure and typically ends up as a rough estimate. The IRR method does not require the hurdle rate, mitigating the risk of determining a wrong rate. Once the IRR is calculated, projects can be selected where the IRR exceeds the estimated cost of capital.COMPARISM BETWEEN NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) AND INTRNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)NPV and IRR methods are useful methods for determining whether to accept a project, both have their advantages and disadvantages.Advantages:With the NPV method, the advantage is that it is a direct measure of the dollar contribution to the stockholders. With the IRR method, the advantage is that it shows the return on the original money invested.Disadvantages:Wi th the NPV method, the disadvantage is that the project size is not measured. With the IRR method, the disadvantage is that, at times, it can give you conflicting answers when compared to NPV for mutually exclusive projects. The ‘multiple IRR problem' can also be an issue, as discussed below.WHY DO NPV AND IRR METHODS PRODUCE CONFLICTING RANKINGS?When a project is an independent project, meaning the decision to invest in a project is independent of any other projects, both the NPV and IRR will always give the same result, either rejecting or accepting a project.While NPV and IRR are useful metrics for analyzing mutually exclusive projects – that is, when the decision must be one project or another – these metrics do not always point you in the same direction. This is a result of the timing of cash flows for each project. In addition, conflicting results may simply occur because of the project sizes.

Only The Heart Novel Essay

Only The Heart is a very successful novel presented by many â€Å"narrators† in both in the past and present. This novel portrays the hardships and â€Å"suffering† that a Vietnamese family endures through the years of approaching communism. Their desperate flee from the only home they have ever known and the loved ones that they may never see again, all in search of a place where there is freedom and â€Å"hope†. Only The Heat is a story that focuses on the Vo family’s â€Å"suffering†. The novel shows the hardships and struggles that a Vietnamese family endures through the years of approaching communism. It is also about their desperate flea from the only home they have ever known and the loved ones that they may never see again, all in search of a place where freedom and â€Å"hope† were to be found. The novel itself is a simply told yet moving story of the Vo family, who come to Australia as refugees in search of â€Å"hope†, as a result of the â€Å"suffering† in The Vietnam War. Many members of the family in turn become â€Å"narrators† and perhaps because of the unfamiliarity of the names, readers must looking back to the family tree, at the front of the book, while the reading of the first few chapters. This novel portrays the hardships, struggles and â€Å"suffering† that a Vietnamese family endures through the years of approaching communism. Even after arriving in the lucky country Australia there is still â€Å"suffering†, caused by Hai Nguyen’s vicious gang. There are many â€Å"narrators† in the novel but the two main persons through whom the story of is told is Toan, the youngest son and Linh, Toon’s cousin and adopted sister (after her mother Mai sacrificed her life for her). The last person creates a real overview of what has happened and the deepest thoughts and feelings of these two people, as they escape their country as refugees to Malaysia and then Australia. As you can see Only the Heart, is a successful novel composed by Brian Caswell and David Phu An Chiem, about the suffering the Vo family had to endure in the search of â€Å"hope†. With a terrifying side to life which is beyond even the vast imagination of the many Australians. The novel emphases how lucky we are to live in a country where things such as freedom, opinions and safety, (these are things taken for granted) are considered a right.

Religious observation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Religious observation - Assignment Example Families and couples were seen sited together perhaps because of love and companionship, but this was not the case for all people in the church. I noted that female gender were many compared to the male gender. Two people made prayers from the congregation who prayed for the peace to prevail in the country and entire world as well as the families. The clergy and the pastor who led the service made other prayers. There were some rituals performed specifically during Holy Communion, whereby grape juice and a small white piece of bread was administered to the congregation. Prayers were made before taking the Holy Communion, in which the pastor led the congregation in reciting some rhythmical prayers. I was told that the Eucharist had a meaning since they remembered the death of Jesus Christ because of their sins. Therefore, when they take it they repent and the â€Å"blood† washes their sins (Nicholas, 2002). The cleric was successful in delivering the message; he used the bible and provided various current life examples that challenged the congregation to change from their unfaithful behaviors to good behaviors that uplift Jesus name. I was welcomed at the gate and provided with the necessary directions since I introduced myself as a visitor. I felt uneasy for the first few minutes because I was not aware of their doctrines, however, I later coped with the

Scapegoat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Scapegoat - Assignment Example He was a man of great radical contradictions who was very reckless yet cautious, cautious but was very uncivil, tender though was very ferocious. He encounters the death of his father with consuming outrage and righteous indignation but does not even show compunction yet he is fully responsible for the meddling death of his father. The authoritarian personality of the Hamlet did not give him an opportunity to have an insight of his shortcomings and even the projection of his weaknesses and faults which most likely represents very important aspects of scapegoating. "We must undertake a life-changing steps, eye opening and spirit-raising odyssey against any kind of intolerance and misunderstanding making us to see and understand these characters in our lives as people learn to record their thoughts and even the feelings in the diaries and eventually to dub themselves the freedom world in homage to the civil rights activists", said Hamlet. Grit is the best indicator or predictor of any success in the life of any person especially when it comes to goals that are set to achieve out of conscious deeds of a person. In some cases, grit proves to be a better indicator of personal success than the IQ. The best idea that one can learn from the building grits in the children is growth mindset that comes with a belief that ability of someone to learn is not fixed and that it can change with the amount of effort that is put. When children read and learn about the brain and how it changes and even grow in response to any challenge then they are most likely to persevere when they encounter failure because they will live to believe that failure is not a permanent condition. The story goes on with a discussion of some common cinematic concept of scapegoats where Hamlet demonstrates a lot of many rebellious characters that were allocated to the victim process in the days of the Hollywood

Online Consumer Behavior - Research Prospectus (Research Proposal) Essay

Online Consumer Behavior - Research Prospectus (Research Proposal) - Essay Example eld needs to be done to see as to how a research can be done in the field, that is to say we will try to provide a research framework which will be on three main blocks; main reason for buying, adoption and carrying on with the decision, this will help analyze the behavior of the online consumer in a uniform and systematic manner. 351 articles in all are present and have been used in the field of consumer behavior over the past decade. The articles that deal with consumer purchase behavior on the internet are the ones that we will be focusing on most articles that are used were obtained from online database, through digital libraries and online databases In the recent years, B2C e-commerce has been at a rise and researchers are of the opinion that B2C will soon switch to virtual means and thus there will be no need for local stores. Having said this there are still areas in online consumer behavior that need to be studied. Specially in the section where the products are bought on the bases of their quality and where customers feel that the quality can only be understood better once the product is held and felt. Examining the literature in this field reveals that several components of consumer behavior theory have been applied when studying online consumer behavior. Although, application of the concepts is not as simple as it sounds. A large amount of difference can be seen between both type of consumers (online and offline). Marketing is considered to be the most important factor when it comes to selling product mainly on the bases of their perceived quality, which is something that is highly difficult to determine, and even if that is determined it is hard to convince the customer into going for the purchase decision without have felt the product, by just seeing the product on the website. Trusting the website is another issue that needs to be addressed, developing trust is extremely important to bring about any sort of purchase decision and also to make the

Discussion Form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Form - Assignment Example The article brought in pricing concerns that would allegedly be affected by the merger, specifically with other Modelo brands. Finally, the third article indicated that compliance with settlement provisions to the merger deal conforms to the merger regulations posed by the DOJ. The merger was originally perceived to bring the respective market shares of each of the organization’s respective brands to a staggering 46% of the U.S. market. As such, it was identified that the merger would benefit the firms involved through dominance and entrenched leadership in the U.S. beer market; as well as the ability to control market prices. A maverick firm is described to exhibit a pivotal role in a merger transaction through its potentials for influencing pricing strategies. As such, Modelo was identified as a maverick firm in terms of its ability to significantly affect the prices of competitors in the beer market through a previous joint venture that the manufacturing organization had forged with. The primary concerns of the DOJ is that if the merger application, in its original conditions would be approved, there would be perceived increases in the market prices of beer due to the elimination of Modelo as a previously independent competitor. The market definition of the merger is a merger for beers in the U.S. market. Since the merging organizations were noted to assume number 1 and number 3 positions, respectively, the merger would definitely consolidate their respective market shares and would dominate the beer industry. Their consolidation was perceived to violate anti-trust regulations in terms of jeopardizing competition in an equitably fair playing field. Their union could be perceived to tantamount to the creation of a monopoly through the apparently large market share that these two organizations would create after the merger. One strongly believes that there are

Poverty Global Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poverty Global Issues - Research Paper Example In business, poverty is used in the determination of value of goods, and services and that is why most people will invest where poverty is low. People with high levels of poverty struggle a lot to earn their living, and most of them afford one meal a day or none. People do stupid stuffs to try and escape poverty and they end up being criminals. Poverty in different regions began at different times depending in the social and economic factors developments, in the particular area. According to World Bank statistics, it is estimated that poverty started being felt in 1960s when there was an increase in population. In 1964, Mollie Orshansky of social security administration published the first article of the increase in lack of resources especially food. This was due to the inadequacy in income and increase in population. In Africa, there was a massive increase in population during 1970s and this led to depletion of resources. There was the completion of basic commodities, and this led to batter trade so that people may exchange resources they did not have. The effects of poverty are extremely grave, and we need to act with speed to curb it. People who are impoverished have inadequate access to basic commodities such as food, clothing, and shelter. There are many people who die of diseases since they cannot afford medical care. In some areas, there are many innocent children who are not accessing education due to lack of fees. The governments and all people should devise means that will ensure all people afford basic commodities. The levels of poverty in the globe are exceedingly enormous, and require immediate solutions and heavy funding. People should embrace technology so that there is a large-scale production. Agriculture is a key factor that can alleviate poverty, and, therefore, we should put all the viable lands into use. Employment equality should be enforced in

Jesus Image of Himself as the True Vine. John 15; 1-11 Essay

Jesus Image of Himself as the True Vine. John 15; 1-11 - Essay Example The sap in the vine gives power to the branch so that it may bring forth fruit and thus, detaching the branch would mean the end of the fruit bearing ability of the branch. He explains further that every fruit bearing branch is pruned so as to enhance its fruit bearing potential. The Gospel of John according to John Donahue’s commentary does not narrate the stories of Jesus in parable form like the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke for the reader to decipher meaning, which makes it different from them in this respect. Though the Gospel is symbolic, yet it is simple and in many instances, Jesus explains the spiritual lesson like in this instance. Jesus wanted to bring the Spiritual message across to the disciples about the importance of abiding, stressing the same in 5 where He says, â€Å"for without me you can do nothing†, and it would also be worthy to note that the word abide is repeated seven times between verses 1 to 12. Just as a detached vine cannot bring forth f ruit and is not worthy for any purpose pertaining to fruit bearing other than to be thrown into the fire, thus also was Jesus teaching His disciples that their fruit bearing potential depended on their abiding in Him at all times (Michaels, 1998). The parable also is a continuation of His last words and instruction which He had started in John 14, before he was crucified, rose up again and was taken up to heaven and thus has very great significance in the continuation of the ministry He had started and which was to continue without Him being physically present with His disciples (Nissen& Pedersen, 1999). Just as the fruit bearing ability exists in the vine and not the branches, Jesus wanted to drive the point home in verses 5 to 7 that their victory pertaining to the bringing forth of fruit lay by the disciples’ abiding or remaining in Him. In other words, it implies that He was going to produce His fruit in them, since they were now the body of Christ. Jesus talks about His abiding in the love of the Father in verse 10, and challenges His disciples also to abide in His love. He desires to establish a relationship with His disciples, which is based on abiding, just as is the case of His relationship with the Father (Moloney& Sacra, 1998). Jesus has done this by obeying the commandments of the Father and would like the same repeated in His relationship with His disciples, in other word, fruit bearing was to be enhanced as the disciples maintained their relationship with Jesus. The Father would be glorified as Jesus said in verse 8 when the disciples bore much fruit, and this would signify that they were Jesus’ disciples. Since there was poor to bring forth fruit in Jesus, it meant that just as a branch automatically brings forth fruit as long as it is on the right tree, multiplication was going to be automatic and also was the production of other fruit was required of the disciples. Concerning the notion of cutting of branches that did not bear fr uit as narrated in verse 2, this is more of a warning to the disciples that their failure to abide in Christ would make them unfruitful and thus make them liable to be removed by God. Jesus was speaking these words to eleven of His closest disciples because at this time, Judas had already left the group to prepare to betray Jesus. Jesus reminds the disciples that they are to abide in Him at all times and not only when it was convenient for them (Michaels, 1998). The verse also speaks another type of cutting that would enhance

Market and Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Market and Social Research - Essay Example The Company has also revamped its advertising campaigns in other ways to contribute to enhanced productivity. The conversion to the M&S logo spelt the dawn of a new era in marketing for the company. The Marketing Director, Steve Sharp, initiated several innovative advertising campaigns, such as using Twiggy to sell chocolate pudding; a campaign which was so successful that it increased sales of the pudding by 3500%.(www.guardian.co.uk). Another successful campaign was M&S’s advertising campaign to sell white granny knickers. Additionally, many M&S stores have been completely refurnished as a part of the new look of the retail outlet; the internal walls have been stripped down and glass barriers have been out up, black floors, chrome cabinets and skilful lighting have further refined the atmosphere of the stores so that the customer experience is enhanced and sales have improved. Sales have risen from $16,896.2 million to $17,990.8 million in 2008, although the recent recession has meant a sharp drop in sales revenues to $12,876.3 million (http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2112). The latest developments in the advertising campaign of the Company are a focus on ethics. This is part of a five year plan titled Plan A, budgeted at 200 million pounds and is based on ethical trading initiatives.(Sweeney, 2009). This campaign is intended to highlight eco and green issues and the Company takes pride in its adherence to ethical initiatives even during a time of recession. As a part of this integrity focus, M&S has become one of the first Companies to clearly spell out the exact source for its entire diary and other produce on its labels (Mendick, 2009). This is an era where outsourcing has been increasingly favoured by most Companies as a means to cope with the rising costs of employing British workers and where globalization has produced an intensely competitive atmosphere in which cost effectiveness is vital. Marks and Spencer is however,